2010 年神秘比特幣鯨魚的故事：揭示了持續(xù)清算的模式

Onchain 分析師正在關(guān)注本月發(fā)生的重大鯨魚交易，他們透露，2010 年區(qū)塊獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)中的 3,000 個(gè)比特幣已被轉(zhuǎn)移，這是近十四年來的首次。

然而，許多人可能沒有意識(shí)到，從 2010 年開始的一系列集體獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)支付對(duì)于這只特定的鯨魚來說并不是什么新活動(dòng)，它多年來一直在不斷地清算代幣。

追蹤比特幣巨鯨的起源

過去一周，鯨魚轉(zhuǎn)移了 1,000 BTC，與該加密資產(chǎn)自 2021 年以來首次突破最高價(jià)格點(diǎn)一致。就在三天前，同一頭鯨魚轉(zhuǎn)移了 2,000 BTC，這些資金來自可追溯至 2010 年的區(qū)塊獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)具體來說，3 月 5 日，轉(zhuǎn)移的區(qū)塊源自區(qū)塊高度 71,897 至 91,568 之間的序列，盡管不是連續(xù)的順序。

當(dāng)天遷移的20個(gè)區(qū)塊獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)全部在區(qū)塊高度833,219處得到確認(rèn)。

3 月 1 日的交易涉及 2010 年的 40 個(gè)區(qū)塊獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，全部最終確定在區(qū)塊 832,648 中。

這些區(qū)塊的范圍從區(qū)塊高度 71,233 到 88,846，與之前的實(shí)例類似，它們不是按順序移動(dòng)的，而是在指定高度內(nèi)開采的。

來自 40 個(gè)獨(dú)特的支付到公共密鑰哈希 (P2PKH) 地址的 40 個(gè)區(qū)塊獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的轉(zhuǎn)移，標(biāo)志著鯨魚自 2010 年以來交易約 1,000 BTC 或 20 個(gè)區(qū)塊獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的慣?；顒?dòng)有所不同。 Bitcoin.com News 的詳細(xì)鏈上審查指出自 2020 年首次發(fā)現(xiàn)鯨魚以來，這是一次特殊的轉(zhuǎn)移。2020 年 3 月 11 日，我們首次發(fā)現(xiàn)了這頭鯨魚，此后該鯨魚總共出現(xiàn)了 15 次。

所有紅線都與臭名昭著的 2010 年鯨魚相連，紫色線可能是同一頭鯨魚，但由于異常值，確定性要低很多。

除了 2024 年 3 月 11 日的 2,000 BTC 變動(dòng)之外，我們觀察到的所有其他字符串支出都遵循一個(gè)精確的公式：這些區(qū)塊源自 2010 年 7 月、8 月、9 月、10 月和 11 月，涉及 20 個(gè)區(qū)塊獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，每個(gè)區(qū)塊獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)構(gòu)成 1,000 BTC，資產(chǎn)從 20 個(gè)不同的 P2PKH 地址轉(zhuǎn)移到單個(gè)支付腳本哈希 (P2SH) 地址。

然而，這只鯨魚似乎已經(jīng)偏離了過去可預(yù)測(cè)的模式。

我們將分析范圍擴(kuò)大到區(qū)塊 1 到 800,000，采用的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)包括 10 個(gè) 50 BTC 的輸入和 999 到 1001 BTC 之間的單個(gè)輸出。

我們利用了 theholyroger.com、btcparser.com 等資源以及提供獨(dú)特視角的各種區(qū)塊鏈瀏覽器。

Our initial discovery highlighted that this type of pattern occurred 381 times since block 1,945, which is believed to have been mined by Satoshi. Our investigation also uncovered additional outlier transactions (above the 381) that bore a resemblance to the mega whale’s activities, yet displayed some distinct deviations. Block 1,945 featured just two transactions, with one being a consolidation of 20 block rewards.

Block 1,945, contained a 20 block reward spend that consolidated the 1,000 into a single address.

This particular transaction amalgamated 1,000 BTC from P2PKH addresses into a single P2PKH address, rather than a P2SH address, which wasn’t yet introduced in 2009. Thus, we infer that this pattern of consolidation existed both prior to and following the introduction of P2SH. Further investigation suggests the prominent whale we’ve been tracking may have executed transactions of 1,000 BTC even before we noticed the pattern in 2020.

On Nov. 24, 2019, a batch of 20 block rewards from 2010 were moved, likely by the same whale, with a very high degree of certainty. At that time, a single bitcoin was valued at $6,960. These rewards fell between block heights 77,267 and 86,968 and were mined in a single block in non-sequential order. This transaction aligned with subsequent ones, except for the March 1, 2024, transfer of 2,000 BTC, marking a notable exception.

It’s also feasible that this whale conducted a similar transaction on June 27, 2019, though this instance stands out from the usual pattern. The output range was above the 999 and 1001 BTC criteria and both P2PKH and P2SH were used in the outputs. This particular transaction had two outputs: one sending 1,152.72 BTC to a P2SH address and another transferring 1.99 BTC in change to a traditional P2PKH address.

All involved block rewards were from 2010 and were mined between blocks 67,992 and 92,336 and like the others, the spent blocks were in non-sequential order. The identification of the June 27, 2019, transaction as belonging to our whale is more challenging compared to the nearly certain match of the Nov. 24, 2019, activity. It’s evident from the 381 pattern matches and several outliers that this particular whale could have started its activities even before 2019.

We can infer that this entity was an active bitcoin miner in 2010 and suggest that either an individual miner had a penchant for moving 1,000 BTC in batches, or a collective of miners shared this same preference. This miner or group of miners likely accumulated a substantial number of bitcoins that year, ranging from tens to hundreds of thousands. Consider the Nov. 24, 2019, transaction, involving blocks mined between 77,267 and 86,968, totaling 9,701 blocks.

這意味著在此期間開采了超過 485,000 個(gè) BTC，而該礦工可能積累了數(shù)萬到數(shù)十萬個(gè)。

當(dāng)時(shí)，整個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的算力僅為每秒 5 GB（GH/s）。

然而，這一時(shí)期標(biāo)志著向圖形處理單元（GPU）挖礦的過渡。

值得注意的是，著名的比特幣礦工和區(qū)塊鏈開發(fā)商 Artforz 于 2010 年 7 月出現(xiàn)在 bitcointalk.org 論壇上，成為最早使用 GPU 進(jìn)行挖礦的人之一。Laszlo Hanyecz 因用 10,000 BTC 換兩個(gè)披薩而聞名，據(jù)信也擁有比 Artforz 早兩個(gè)月開始 GPU 挖礦。

然而，Artforz 因其在 2010 年開采的大量比特幣而引起了廣泛關(guān)注。2010 年 7 月 25 日，Artforz 報(bào)告稱，在短短六天內(nèi)就產(chǎn)生了 1,700 個(gè)比特幣，據(jù)估計(jì)，他的農(nóng)??場控制著 20-30% 的比特幣。截至當(dāng)年 10 月，該網(wǎng)絡(luò)的計(jì)算能力已經(jīng)達(dá)到。

Artforz 是 1,000 筆 BTC 交易背后的巨鯨的潛在候選者，盡管其他人也可能通過 GPU 挖礦積累了大量比特幣。

中本聰對(duì)這一趨勢(shì)表示擔(dān)憂，建議達(dá)成“君子協(xié)議”來推遲 GPU 軍備競賽，但隨著向 GPU 以及隨后向 ASIC 挖礦的快速轉(zhuǎn)變，這一請(qǐng)求并未得到重視。

盡管如此，本月區(qū)塊鏈上最新的復(fù)古數(shù)字舞蹈講述了神秘先驅(qū)者和比特幣新生時(shí)代的故事。

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