時間:2024-01-19|瀏覽:326
目錄
爭論
無論如何它都會發(fā)生
從經(jīng)濟(jì)角度來看,杰文悖論可以說是我們開始走上比特幣擴(kuò)容道路的基礎(chǔ)。
將事物推離鏈?zhǔn)窃噲D利用稀缺資源,區(qū)塊空間比區(qū)塊鏈本身能夠更有效地容納更大的用戶群。
杰文悖論指出,在存在對某種事物的彈性需求的情況下,當(dāng)使用該事物的效率提高時,即每次使用的成本降低,參與者對該事物的總需求將會增加。
給出的典型例子是汽車的燃油效率。
如果汽車的汽油使用效率突然提高一倍,人們就會更多地出行,因為出行成本會減少一半。
由于個人成本降低,人們出行更加頻繁,燃料需求的凈增長可能超過實現(xiàn)效率提升之前的原始燃料總需求。
這就是悖論發(fā)生的地方,總需求超過了該東西的使用效率之前的水平。
這就是為什么第二層是可行的解決方案背后的整個經(jīng)濟(jì)思維。
在區(qū)塊大小戰(zhàn)爭期間,來自大區(qū)塊者的巨大爭論之一是,脫鏈本質(zhì)上會從礦工那里竊取資金,并破壞在遙遠(yuǎn)的未來純粹靠交易費(fèi)生存的礦工的博弈論穩(wěn)定性。
他們在這些辯論中完全忽視的因素是杰文悖論,并且直到今天他們中的許多人仍然完全忽視了這一動態(tài)。
爭論
相反的論點(至少是有效的)是,效率提高后的需求反彈并不總是超過效率提高之前的總需求。
在許多情況下,它仍然幾乎反彈到原來的水平,但并沒有超過它。
這歸結(jié)為最終決定生產(chǎn)某物成本的投入。
以燃料為例,現(xiàn)實情況是燃料成本并不是影響人們駕車出行的唯一因素。
生產(chǎn)汽車的成本,即生產(chǎn)所需的勞動力、材料、能源等,以及汽車本身的最終成本也納入其中。
這些因素通常會抑制需求的反彈,使其無法超過效率提高之前的水平。
Here’s the thing about Bitcoin though: the cost to produce a block is the only factor of “input costs” in producing blockspace. The real kicker is that no matter what happens to that input cost, the available amount of blockspace stays exactly the same on average. This is the entire novelty and value of the difficulty adjustment in Bitcoin, no matter what the price and net hashrate do, the network circles around this Schelling point of the same average amount of blockspace available. The only way that will change is a consensus change to alter the blocksize, or block interval, or other such core variables that will have an impact on the amount of space available.
Therefore the only real factor to consider when applying Jevon’s Paradox to Bitcoin, is how efficiently can users make use of that existing blockspace. One person owning a UTXO on their own and directly transacting on-chain can be seen as a baseline. Lightning, allowing two people to share a single UTXO and conduct numerous transactions off-chain before settling them on-chain, is the first major efficiency gain. After Lightning, something like Ark or a channel factory would be the next level of efficiency gain. In all of these cases, there are no extraneous factors to consider. If you have Bitcoin, and the ability to use that Bitcoin gets cheaper and cheaper, you are more likely to put that Bitcoin to actual use. There are no extra barriers to Bitcoin other than having the Bitcoin. You don’t HAVE to buy a super expensive hardware device to use it, it might be best security practices to do so if you have a large sum of money, but it is not necessary.
Ordinals and BRC-20 tokens kind of prove this point in my opinion. Shoving jpegs into the blockchain, which are pretty big pieces of data relative to the blocksize limit, is a highly inefficient use of blockspace. BRC-20 tokens, which are simply tiny JSON blobs, are relatively efficient relative to jpegs. Which one of these things really drove the demand for blockspace driving up fees lately? The BRC-20 tokens, not the jpegs.
The cold hard reality in my opinion is that blockspace use will get more efficient, and we will see Jevon’s Paradox play out regarding the market for that blockspace, regardless of anything we do. If using blockspace directly becomes prohibitively expensive for users transacting, they will find ways to abstract that away. They don’t need covenants, or forks in general, or anything we are building on layer twos to do so.
Custodians.
All they need is custodians. Using blockspace more efficiently comes down to a single thing: people sharing their UTXOs with each other. The trust model of how they do that, whether they can reclaim their money unilaterally without permission, who they have to interact with to withdraw their money, all of these things are completely and utterly irrelevant to Jevon’s paradox playing out.
如果塊空間對人們來說太昂貴,他們就會停止使用它。
對于一類用戶來說,即使不是總體需求也會下降。
除非他們想完全停止使用比特幣,否則他們將尋求更有效的方式來使用比特幣(這本質(zhì)上需要使用區(qū)塊空間,無論這種使用有多抽象)。
從長遠(yuǎn)來看,目前唯一真正可擴(kuò)展的方式是通過托管人。
這意味著,在沒有真正解決“比特幣需要以自我托管方式擴(kuò)展什么”的問題的情況下,我們本質(zhì)上是在含蓄地承認(rèn),該系統(tǒng)如何運(yùn)作的經(jīng)濟(jì)激勵本質(zhì)上迫使人們進(jìn)入托管平臺和機(jī)制來使用他們的比特幣。
否認(rèn)這一點就是否認(rèn)比特幣發(fā)揮作用的現(xiàn)實:經(jīng)濟(jì)和激勵。
最近有很多爭論認(rèn)為“垃圾郵件過濾”只是杰文悖論發(fā)生的另一種方式。
事實并非如此,而且它與杰文悖論完全沒有關(guān)系。
阻止特定用例與另一個用例競爭并不會提高另一個用例的效率,它只是試圖扭曲和操縱它們爭奪相同資源的市場。
該論證未能理解杰文悖論實際上是什么。
它不關(guān)心一個用例與另一個用例的比較,或者哪些用途是“合法的”;
它與資源的特定用例完全無關(guān)。
它只是說明資源變得更加高效的
任何
用例,并且在沒有未計算的投入成本的情況下,效率增益的結(jié)果將取決于該特定用例使用該資源的總需求。
如果我們是對的,那么無論我們做什么,事情都會順利進(jìn)行。
我們對這一切的唯一影響是區(qū)塊空間使用中任何效率增益的信任模型是什么,我們無法控制這些效率增益是否會發(fā)生。