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2022 年 7 月 8 日，俄亥俄州佩里斯堡 First Solar 的一名工人正在將膠帶貼在太陽(yáng)能電池板上。

梅根·杰林格 |

路透社

First Solar

表示，大量外國(guó)太陽(yáng)能組件威脅到在美國(guó)建立國(guó)內(nèi)制造基地以支持清潔能源轉(zhuǎn)型的努力

首席執(zhí)行官馬克·維德瑪。

維德瑪在接受 CNBC 采訪時(shí)表示，美國(guó)應(yīng)該取消允許廉價(jià)零部件進(jìn)入美國(guó)市場(chǎng)的關(guān)稅豁免。

First Solar 是美國(guó)最大的太陽(yáng)能電池板制造商，專注于大型公用事業(yè)規(guī)模項(xiàng)目。

維德瑪表示：“我們想要的只是能夠憑借自己的優(yōu)勢(shì)進(jìn)行競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，如果美國(guó)市場(chǎng)存在傾銷現(xiàn)象，就應(yīng)該予以解決?！?

“一旦解決，我們希望它得到執(zhí)行?！?/p>

美國(guó)使用的一種常見類型的太陽(yáng)能電池板被排除在旨在保護(hù)國(guó)內(nèi)太陽(yáng)能制造的第 201 條關(guān)稅之外，并且對(duì)從幾個(gè)東南亞國(guó)家進(jìn)口的太陽(yáng)能組件暫停征收關(guān)稅。

雖然一些行業(yè)利益相關(guān)者支持這些豁免，以幫助擴(kuò)大美國(guó)的太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電容量，但維德瑪表示，這些豁免正在破壞《通貨膨脹削減法案》的目標(biāo)。

利用漏洞

維德瑪表示：“我們正在努力做的事情的初衷——?jiǎng)?chuàng)建一個(gè)能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)長(zhǎng)期能源獨(dú)立和安全的國(guó)內(nèi)產(chǎn)業(yè)，以實(shí)現(xiàn)氣候變化目標(biāo)，并通過(guò)擁有國(guó)內(nèi)能力實(shí)現(xiàn)創(chuàng)新循環(huán)——都面臨著風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。”說(shuō)。

“這很不幸，但這很大程度上就是正在發(fā)生的事情。”

拜登政府于2022年延長(zhǎng)了特朗普政府最初征收的201條款關(guān)稅，但進(jìn)口雙面太陽(yáng)能電池板（雙面吸收光線）不包括在關(guān)稅范圍內(nèi)。

在去年8月結(jié)束的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查中，美國(guó)商務(wù)部發(fā)現(xiàn)，一些中國(guó)公司通過(guò)柬埔寨、馬來(lái)西亞、泰國(guó)和越南等國(guó)家運(yùn)輸太陽(yáng)能電池和組件，從而規(guī)避美國(guó)的反傾銷保護(hù)。

But a decision by President Joe Biden in June 2022 to exempt those same Southeast Asian nations from solar tariffs for two years means penalties are not being enforced against some Chinese producers despite the Commerce Department's conclusions.

Biden vetoed legislation last spring that would have imposed tariffs on solar components from Cambodia, Malaysia and Thailand. In his veto message, the president described the exemption as a "temporary bridge" that is needed to help expand solar capacity in the U.S.

Though the exemption expires this June, Widmar said 30 to 40 gigawatts of excess product has made its way in to the U.S. market, which is equivalent to almost a full year of consumption.

"What this is doing is it's not allowing these domestic companies to scale," Widmar said.

The First Solar CEO said he is also worried that Chinese companies will exploit IRA tax credits, particularly the 7 cents per watt for solar modules, to set up assembly plants in the U.S. that do not move the ball forward in terms of technological innovation.

"What you've done is you've given the Chinese the opportunity to exploit the Inflation Reduction Act," Widmar said.

A White House spokesperson wasn't immediately available to comment.

A buffer against volatility

First Solar is largely insulated from the current market dynamics because the company is booked solid through at least 2026, Widmar said. The company has intentionally overbooked to provide a buffer against the volatility in the solar market, he said.

While the residential solar sector has been walloped by high interest rates, First Solar has outperformed with its focus on utility-scale projects. The Invesco Solar ETF (TAN) has fallen than 18% this year, while First Solar's stock is down just over 6%.

Stock Chart IconStock chart icon

First Solar shares over the past year.

Electricity demand on the grid was largely flat up until 2020, but has now hit an inflection point with power needs expected to grow substantially through the end of this decade, Widmar said. Large data centers are using more power due to the emergence of artificial intelligence, and other factors such as cryptocurrencies, the electrification of vehicles, and the onshoring of manufacturing in the U.S. are contributing to demand growth, he said.

"That drives need for hundreds of megawatts for solar power plants," Widmar said. "That means you need more utility-scale generation and you couple that with the continued ramp down of fossil fuels, coal power plants and even nuclear."

First Solar operates three factories in Ohio with two more plants slated to open in Louisiana and Alabama. The company sources its material in the U.S. and is not dependent on Chinese supply chains, Widmar said.

這位首席執(zhí)行官表示，在供應(yīng)鏈因紅海等地緣政治緊張局勢(shì)和不確定的貿(mào)易政策而受到干擾的世界中，國(guó)內(nèi)制造業(yè)提供了確定性。

“我可以為他們提供確定性的最佳方式是在美國(guó)制造并擁有美國(guó)供應(yīng)鏈，”他說(shuō)。

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